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Questions & Answers for 2022's most recent general knowledge exams In English.
1. COP27 | India, China, Brazil, and South Africa oppose a "carbon tax"
With effect from 2026, the European Union has proposed a policy to tax extremely carbon-intensive products such as cement and steel.
With the 27th Conference of Parties (COP) in Sharm El Sheikh nearing its conclusion and efforts intensifying to reach a binding agreement, a group of countries, including India, has stated that carbon border taxes, which could cause market distortion and exacerbate the trust deficit among parties, must be avoided.
The European Union has proposed a policy known as the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, which would tax extremely carbon-intensive products such as cement and steel beginning in 2026.
BASIC, a group comprised of Brazil, India, South Africa, and China, and thus large economies that rely heavily on coal, has for several years expressed common concerns and reiterated their right to use fossil fuel in the interim while their countries transition to clean energy sources.
"Unilateral measures and discriminatory practises, such as carbon border taxes, that could distort markets and exacerbate the trust deficit among Parties [signatory countries to United Nations climate agreements], must be avoided." BASIC countries demand that developing countries respond in unison to any unfair shifting of responsibilities from developed to developing countries."
On Wednesday, they issued a joint statement expressing "grave concern" that developed countries were still failing to show leadership or respond with a corresponding progression of effort. Developed countries had "backtracked on finance and mitigation commitments and pledges," and there had been a "significant increase" in consumption and production of fossil fuels in the previous year, according to their statement, even as they continue to press developing countries to move away from the same resources. "Such duplicity is incompatible with climate equity and justice."
They claimed that, despite the opportunities and links with "loss and damage," adaptation was still not receiving the balanced and substantive attention it deserved in the United Nations climate framework process. The latter refers to a demand by developing countries for an institutional system to compensate countries affected by climate change for existing environmental damage.
2. The United States fined Air India $1.4 million for a refund delay.
The US Department of Transportation (DOT) fined Air India $1.4 million (approximately Rs 11.3 crore) for delaying refunds totaling $121.5 million (approximately Rs 985 crore) to passengers whose flights were cancelled due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
The US government is investigating six airlines, including Air India. Over $600 million in refunds were issued, with $7.25 million in penalties levied against six airlines for "extreme delays in providing refunds," according to the US Department of Transportation. Frontier Airlines, TAP Portugal, Aeromexico, El Al Airlines, and Avianca are among the other airlines facing DOT action. Under US law, airlines and ticket agents are required to refund customers if an airline cancels or significantly changes a flight to, from, or within the US and the passenger declines the alternative offered. Air India said in a statement that it had accepted the penalty. "Air India confirms that it has received a fine for delayed refunds, the majority of which relate to the pandemic period when Air India was a public-owned entity," it said. "Since the privatization of Air India in January, every effort has been made to clear all backlogged refunds, with over 25,000 cases totaling $18.30 million (Rs 148 crore) successfully processed." New systems have also been implemented to speed up the processing of new refunds, which are now completed within one week on average, according to Air India. During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, extraordinary hardships such as repeated closures of its India offices, border closures, and travel bans significantly hampered its ability to process refunds. Air India stated that, unlike many other airlines, it maintained a policy of providing refunds upon request regardless of whether a passenger chose not to travel or the carrier cancelled the flight, and that it made a good faith effort to meet its obligations to provide timely refunds during the COVID-19 pandemic
Read This:- 16 November Current Affairs
3. According to a UN report, India will overtake China as the world's most populous country in 2023.
With more than 1.4 billion residents this year, India is expected to overtake China as the world's most populous country in 2023.
According to the 27th edition of the United Nations' World Population Prospects, 2022, India is expected to overtake China as the world's most populous country in 2023, with both countries having more than 1.4 billion residents this year.
According to a report released on World Population Day, the world's population, which is expected to reach 8 billion by November 15 this year, could grow to 8.5 billion in 2030 and 10.4 billion in 2100 as the rate of mortality slows. According to UN estimates, the world's population was growing at its slowest rate since 1950, falling below 1% in 2020.
In 2021, the global population's average fertility was 2.3 births per woman over a lifetime, down from around 5 births in 1950. Global fertility is expected to fall even further by 2050, to 2.1 births per woman.
Referring to an earlier World Health Organization report that estimated approximately 14.9 million deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic between January 2020 and December 2021, the UN report stated that global life expectancy at birth fell to 71 years in 2021 from 72.8 years in 2019, owing primarily to the pandemic.
According to the United Nations, eight countries will account for more than half of the projected increase in global population between now and 2050: Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, and the United Republic of Tanzania. Sub-Saharan African countries are expected to contribute more than half of the projected increase through 2050.
According to the UN, falling mortality rates first resulted in "spectacular population growth," with annual rates peaking at 2.1% between 1962 and 1965. Between 1950 and 1987, the world's population more than doubled, from 2.5 billion to 5 billion people. However, as fewer children were born from generation to generation, growth began to slow.
According to the UNFPA, the world population will reach 10.4 billion in the 2080s and remain there until the end of the century. According to the UN, 60% of the world's population now lives in a region where fertility rates are below replacement level, up from 40% in 1990, and international migration is now a driver of growth in many countries, with 281 million people living outside their country of birth in 2020.
Also Read:- 17 November GK Question and Answer
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