COP27: India rejects an attempt to lump it in with historical polluters.
In the run-up to COP27, India stated that the MWP could not be allowed to "move the goalposts" established by the Paris Agreement.
Sources said on Monday that India, along with other developing countries, blocked an attempt by rich nations to focus on all top 20 carbon dioxide emitters during discussions on the 'Mitigation Work Programme' at the ongoing United Nations climate summit in Egypt.
Developed countries demanded during the first week of the climate talks that all top 20 emitters, including India and China, discuss drastic emission cuts, rather than just the rich countries that have historically been blamed for climate change.
There are developing countries in the top 20 emitters, including India, that are not to blame for existing warming.
According to sources, India thwarted the attempt with the help of other developing countries such as China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bhutan.
The "MWP should not lead to the reopening of the Paris Agreement," which clearly states that countries' climate commitments must be determined nationally based on circumstances, according to India and other developing countries.
Parties acknowledged at COP26 in Glasgow last year that a 45% reduction in global CO2 emissions by 2030 (compared to 2010 levels) is required to limit average global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
As a result, they agreed to create the Mitigation Work Programme (MWP) in order to "urgently scale up mitigation ambition and implementation." Mitigation entails lowering emissions, while ambition entails setting higher goals and putting them into action.
Coming into COP27, developing countries were concerned that rich countries would use the MWP to force them to revise their climate targets without increasing the supply of technology and finance.
In the run-up to COP27, India stated that the MWP could not be allowed to "move the goalposts" established by the Paris Agreement.
"Best practises, new technologies, and new modes of collaboration for technology transfer and capacity building may be discussed fruitfully in the Mitigation Work Programme," the Union Environment Ministry said.
According to Carbon Brief's analysis, the United States has released more than 509 Gt CO2 since 1850, accounting for 20% of total historical emissions. China comes in second place with 11%, followed by Russia (7%). India is ranked seventh, accounting for 3.4% of the total.
The global surface temperature has risen by about 1.15 degrees Celsius since the pre-industrial (1850-1900) average, and CO2 emissions into the atmosphere since the start of the industrial revolution are closely related to it. Before 1990, when economies like India began to develop, significant damage had already been done.
According to the "Global Carbon Budget Report 2022," three countries accounted for more than half of global CO2 emissions in 2021: China (31%), the United States (14%), and the European Union (8%). India ranked fourth, accounting for 7% of global CO2 emissions.
According to a report released last month by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), India's per capita greenhouse gas emissions are 2.4 tCO2e (tonne carbon dioxide equivalent), far below the global average of 6.3 tCO2e.
The United States has far higher per capita emissions than the rest of the world (14 tCO2e), followed by Russia (13 tCO2e), China (9.7 tCO2e), Brazil and Indonesia (both around 7.5 tCO2e), and the European Union.
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